Freeze-dried alginic acid preparation

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides: a freeze-dried composition which comprises (a) a monovalent metal alginate and (b) a salt selected from a monovalent metal salt and an ammonium salt; and a method of producing a freeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition which comprises the steps of freezing an aqueous solution formed by dissolving at least the component (a) and the component (b), performing first drying, and then performing second drying as desired to reduce a water content to 3% by mass or less. This is a freeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition with suppressed viscosity decrease with the lapse of time.

This application is a Divisional of copending application Ser. No.15/757,766 filed on Mar. 6, 2018, which is the U.S. National Phase ofPCT/JP2016/076176, filed Sep. 6, 2016, and which claims priority under35 U.S.C. § 119(a) to Application No. 2015-175583 filed in Japan, onSep. 7, 2015, the entire contents of all of which are expresslyincorporated by reference into the present application.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a freeze-dried monovalent metalalginate preparation (for which the term “composition” is usedrepresentatively including a freeze-dried body, a freeze-dried material,and a freeze-dried composition as well as the freeze-dried preparation)which is useful as, for example, pharmaceuticals such as a compositionfor cartilage regeneration, a cartilage disorder therapeutic agent, andan antiadhesive material, a medical material, medical equipment, and areagent, and in particular to a freeze-dried monovalent metal alginatecomposition with suppressed viscosity decrease with the lapse of time,an in-vial freeze-dried composition, a method of producing the same, asuppressant of viscosity decrease with the lapse of time for afreeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition, a method ofsuppressing viscosity decrease with the lapse of time of a freeze-driedmonovalent metal alginate composition, and a method of stabilizing afreeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition, especially astorage-stabilizing method.

BACKGROUND ART

It is known to inject a cartilage defect portion in an articularcartilage with an aqueous solution formed by dissolving a freeze-driedmonovalent metal alginate composition such as a freeze-dried sodiumalginate composition in water, thereby regenerating and treating thecartilage (Patent Literature 1).

Meanwhile, industrial sodium alginate contains sodium chloride, sodiumsulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and the like as impurityelectrolytes. It has been investigated that the impurity electrolytescan be removed using a property of being extracted by an alcohol ofabout 40% or more and that properties such as viscosity, pH, structuralviscosity, flow curve, and capillary action in the case of adding sodiumchloride or sodium sulfate to the sodium alginate aqueous solutionchange (Non Patent Literatures 1 and 2).

In addition, a study was carried out on the viscosity decreaseattributed to the heating of sodium alginate in the forms of powder andsolution. As a result, it has been reported that although viscositydecreases due to heating in both cases, the solution form has a largerviscosity decrease rate (Non Patent Literatures 3 and 4).

However, it is not known so far that if a freeze-dried monovalent metalalginate composition is kept in storage, there arises a problem that themonovalent metal alginate in the freeze-dried composition isdeteriorated over time and the viscosity decreases.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

-   Patent Literature 1: International Publication No. WO 2008/102855

Non Patent Literatures

-   Non Patent Literature 1: Kagaku Kogyo Magazine vol. 61, No. 7, 1958    pp. 871-874-   Non Patent Literature 2: Kagaku Kogyo Magazine vol. 61, No. 7, 1958    pp. 874-877-   Non Patent Literature 3: Muroran Institute of Technology Research    Report, 1957, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 609-616-   Non Patent Literature 4: Muroran Institute of Technology Research    Report, 1960, Vol. 3, pp. 443-449

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

The present invention aims to provide a freeze-dried monovalent metalalginate composition with improved stability, and in particular aims toprovide a freeze-dried composition whose long-term storage stability isimproved. Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide a highlypure freeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition which does notsubstantially contain an endotoxin.

The present invention aims to provide a freeze-dried monovalent metalalginate composition with suppressed viscosity decrease with the lapseof time in a freeze-dried state.

The present invention aims to provide an in-vial freeze-dried monovalentmetal alginate composition with suppressed viscosity decrease with thelapse of time.

The present invention aims to provide a method of efficiently producinga freeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition with suppressedviscosity decrease with the lapse of time.

The present invention aims to provide a suppressant of viscositydecrease with the lapse of time for a freeze-dried monovalent metalalginate composition which includes an active ingredient being a saltselected from a monovalent metal salt and an ammonium salt.

The present invention aims to provide a method of suppressing viscositydecrease with the lapse of time of a freeze-dried monovalent metalalginate composition which includes adding a salt selected from amonovalent metal salt and an ammonium salt prior to freeze-drying.

Means for Solution of the Problems

The present inventors have made earnest studies and as a resultcompleted the present invention based on the surprising knowledge thatit is possible to efficiently suppress viscosity decrease with the lapseof time of a monovalent metal alginate in a freeze-dried monovalentmetal alginate composition by using a freeze-dried aqueous solutionformed by dissolving (a) a monovalent metal alginate and (b) a saltselected from a monovalent metal salt and an ammonium salt.

To be more specific, the present invention has the following aspects.

(1-1) A freeze-dried composition comprising (a) a monovalent metalalginate and (b) a salt selected from a monovalent metal salt and anammonium salt.(1-2) The freeze-dried composition according to (1-1) described abovewhich is a freeze-dried aqueous solution formed by dissolving at leastthe components (a) and (b).(1-3) The freeze-dried composition according to (1-1) or (1-2) describedabove, in which a water content is 3% by mass or less.(1-4) The freeze-dried composition according to any one of (1-1) to(1-3) described above, in which a mass ratio of the component (a)/thecomponent (b) is 100/70 to 100/10.(1-5) The freeze-dried composition according to any one of (1-1) to(1-4) described above, in which the component (b) is at least oneselected from the group consisting of sodium chloride and potassiumchloride.(1-6) The freeze-dried composition according to any one of (1-1) to(1-5) described above, consisting of the component (a) and the component(b).(1-7) The freeze-dried composition according to any one of (1-1) to(1-6) described above, in which the component (a) is a highly puremonovalent metal alginate not substantially containing an endotoxin.(2-1) An in-vial freeze-dried composition formed by storing thefreeze-dried composition according to any one of (1-1) to (1-7)described above.(2-2) The in-vial freeze-dried composition according to (2-1) describedabove, in which a volume of a vial is 2 to 50 ml.(2-3) The in-vial freeze-dried composition according to (2-1) or (2-2)described above, in which air in the vial is substituted with nitrogengas.(3-1) A method of producing a freeze-dried composition, comprisingfreeze-drying an aqueous solution formed by dissolving at least (a) amonovalent metal alginate and (b) a salt selected from a monovalentmetal salt and an ammonium salt.(3-2) The production method according to (3-1) described above,comprising the step of freezing an aqueous solution formed by dissolvingat least the component (a) and the component (b), performing firstdrying under reduced pressure within a temperature range where thefreezing is kept, and then performing second drying to reduce a watercontent to 3% by mass or less.(3-3) The production method according to (3-2) described above,comprising performing the second drying under the same temperaturecondition as the first drying or under a temperature condition higherthan a temperature of the first drying.(3-4) The production method according to any one of (3-1) to (3-3)described above, comprising filling a vial with the aqueous solutionformed by dissolving at least the component (a) and the component (b)and then performing freeze-drying.(4-1) A suppressant of viscosity decrease with the lapse of time for afreeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition, comprising an activeingredient being a salt selected from a monovalent metal salt and anammonium salt.(5-1) A method of suppressing viscosity decrease with the lapse of timeof a freeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition, comprisingcausing the freeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition tocontain a salt selected from a monovalent metal salt and an ammoniumsalt.

The present invention improves the stability of a freeze-driedmonovalent metal alginate composition represented by, for example,sodium alginate. In addition, the present invention makes it possible toprovide a freeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition which canefficiently suppress viscosity decrease with the lapse of time of amonovalent metal alginate in a freeze-dried monovalent metal alginatecomposition even in the case of long-term storage or preservation.Further, the present invention provides a method of producing afreeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition which comprises thestep of freezing an aqueous solution containing the component (a) andthe component (b), performing first drying under reduced pressure withina temperature range where the freezing is kept, and then performingsecond drying to reduce a water content to 3% by mass or less, in whichthe second drying can be performed under a temperature condition higherthan the temperature of the first drying. Hence, the present inventionhas an advantage of being able to shorten the production time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing how viscosity decreases over time forfreeze-dried sodium alginate compositions not added with sodium chloride[Examples 1-3 and 1-4] and freeze-dried sodium alginate compositionsadded with sodium chloride [Examples 1-1 and 1-2].

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT

Alginic acid, which is a constituent component of a monovalent metalalginate (a) used in the present invention, is a natural polysaccharidewhich is produced by extraction from seaweed followed by purification.In addition, alginic acid is a polymer formed by polymerization ofD-mannuronic acid (M) and L-guluronic acid (G). The constituent ratio(M/G ratio) between D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid of alginicacid differs depending mainly on the type of creature such as seaweedfrom which alginic acid is derived and is also affected by the habitatof the creature and by seasons. The M/G ratio is wide in range, wherethe high-G type has an M/G ratio of about 0.4 and the high-M type has anM/G ratio of about 5. Alginic acid has varying physicochemicalproperties depending on the M/G ratio of alginic acid, the arrangementof M and G, and the like. In addition, the preferable use can differ. Amethod of industrially producing alginic acid includes, for example, thealginic acid method and the calcium alginate method. In the presentinvention, it is possible to use alginic acid produced by any of thesemethods. The quantitative value determined by purification and the HPLCmethod is preferably within a range of 80 to 120% by mass, morepreferably within a range of 90 to 110% by mass, and further preferablywithin a range of 95 to 105% by mass. In the present invention, onehaving a quantitative value determined by the HPLC method within theranges described above is referred to as high purity alginic acid. Thealginic acid used in the present invention is preferably high purityalginic acid. Commercially available products that can be purchased andutilized include products marketed by KIMICA Corporation as KIMICA ALGINseries, preferably products of fine food & pharmaceutical grades. It ispossible to use commercially available products after furtherpurification as appropriate.

The monovalent metal alginate used in the present invention ispreferably one in which the hydrogen cation of a carboxyl group ofalginic acid is ion-exchanged with a monovalent metal cation such assodium and potassium, particularly an alkali metal cation. Among these,sodium alginate, potassium alginate, a mixture of these, or the like ispreferable, and sodium alginate is particularly preferable.

The monovalent metal alginate used in the present invention isrecommended to be one having an appropriate weight average molecularweight depending on the end use purpose. For example, in the case of usefor the treatment of cartilage disorder, the weight average molecularweight is preferably 500,000 to 5,000,000, more preferably 650,000 ormore, and further preferably 800,000 or more and 3,000,000 or less.

Since the monovalent metal alginate is a polysaccharide, it is difficultto accurately determine the molecular weight. In general and in thepresent invention, it is possible to use a monovalent metal alginatehaving a weight average molecular weight of, for example, 5,000 or moreand preferably 10,000 or more, and 10,000,000 or less and morepreferably 5,000,000 or less.

In general, a polymer substance of natural origin does not have a singlemolecular weight. Since the polymer substance of natural origin is acollection of molecules having various molecular weights, it is measuredas a molecular weight distribution having a certain width. Arepresentative measuring method is gel filtration chromatography. Therepresentative information on the molecular weight distribution obtainedby gel filtration chromatography includes the weight average molecularweight (Mw), the number average molecular weight (Mn), and thedispersion ratio (Mw/Mn).

The weight average molecular weight places importance on thecontribution of polymers having large molecular weights to the averagemolecular weight and is expressed by the following equation.

Mw=Σ(WiMi)/W=Σ(HiMi)/Σ(Hi)

The number average molecular weight is calculated by dividing the totalweight of the polymer by the total number of the polymers:

Mn=W/ΣNi=Σ(MiNi)/ΣNi=Σ(Hi)/Σ(Hi/Mi),

where W is the total weight of the polymer, Wi is the weight of the i-thpolymer, Mi is the molecular weight in the i-th elution time, Ni is thenumber of the molecular weights Mi, and Hi is the height in the i-thelution time.

It is known that in the molecular weight measurement of a polymersubstance of natural origin, the values can differ depending on themeasurement method (examples of hyaluronic acid: Chikako YOMOTA et.al.Bull. Natl. Health Sci., Vol. 117, pp 135-139 (1999), Chikako YOMOTAet.al. Bull. Natl. Inst. Health Sci., Vol. 121, pp 30-33 (2003)).Regarding the molecular weight measurement of an alginate, there is aliterature (ASTM F2064-00 (2006), published by ASTM International) whichdescribes a calculation method starting from intrinsic viscosity and acalculation method by SEC-MALLS (size exclusion chromatography withmultiple angle laser light scattering detection). Note that whenmeasuring the molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography (=gelfiltration chromatography), this literature states that it isinsufficient only to perform calculation with a calibration curve usingpullulan as a standard substance and recommends to also use a multipleangle laser light scattering (MALLS) detector (=measurement bySEC-MALLS). In addition, there is a case where the molecular weightmeasured by SEC-MALLS is employed as a specification value for analginate catalog (FMC Biopolymer, PRONOVA™ sodium alginates catalogue).

In the present specification, in the case of identifying the molecularweight of an alginate, the molecular weight in consideration is theweight average molecular weight calculated by gel filtrationchromatography unless otherwise noted. Preferable conditions of gelfiltration chromatography involve, for example, use of a calibrationcurve with pullulan as a standard substance. The molecular weight ofpullulan used as a standard substance is preferably at least 1,600,000,788,000, 404,000, 212,000, and 112,000. In addition to the above, it ispossible to determine eluent (200 mM solution of sodium nitrate), columncondition, and the like. As the column condition, it is preferable touse a polymethacrylate resin-based packing material and to use at leastone column having an exclusion limit molecular weight of 10,000,000 ormore. A representative column is TSKgel GMPW×1 (diameter of 7.8 mm×300mm) (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation).

In addition, the monovalent metal alginate used in the present inventionis recommended to be one having an appropriate viscosity depending onthe end use purpose. For example, in the case of use for the treatmentof cartilage disorder, the viscosity of 1% liquid (20° C.) measured bythe viscosity measuring method conforming to the Japanese Pharmacopoeiais preferably 50 to 20,000 mPa·s, more preferably 50 to 10,000 mPa·s,more preferably 100 to 5,000 mPa·s, more preferably 300 to 800 mPa·s,and further preferably 300 to 600 mPa·s.

In addition, the monovalent metal alginate used in the present inventionis recommended to be one having an appropriate M/G ratio depending onthe end use purpose. For example, in the case of use for the treatmentof cartilage disorder, M/G ratio is preferably 0.4 to 2.0, morepreferably 0.6 to 1.8, and further preferably 0.8 to 1.6.

In addition, the monovalent metal alginate used in the present inventionis recommended to be one having a reduced endotoxin level. The endotoxinvalue measured by the endotoxin test conforming to the JapanesePharmacopoeia is preferably less than 100 EU/g, more preferably lessthan 75 EU/g, and further preferably less than 50 EU/g. In the presentinvention, “substantially not containing an endotoxin” means that theendotoxin value measured by the endotoxin test conforming to theJapanese Pharmacopoeia is within the numerical ranges described above.

The monovalent metal salt and the ammonium salt used as the component(b) of the present invention include a water-soluble inorganic salt anda water-soluble organic salt. In particular, it is preferable to use thewater-soluble inorganic salt. Among these, as the monovalent metal salt,it is preferable to use a salt of monovalent metal such as sodium andpotassium, in particular a water-soluble salt of alkali metal. To bemore specific, the inorganic salt includes, for example, ahydrochloride, a sulfate, and a nitrate of an alkali metal, and theorganic salt includes, for example, a citrate, a tartrate, an acetate, amalate, and a succinate of an alkali metal. Among these, a hydrochlorideis preferable, and sodium chloride and potassium chloride areparticularly preferable. Sodium chloride is most preferable.

In addition, a preferable ammonium salt includes water-soluble ammoniumchloride, ammonium acetate, and the like.

In the present invention, the mass ratio of the component (a)/thecomponent (b) is preferably 100/70 to 100/10, more preferably 100/60 to100/30, and most preferably 100/about 44. If the component (b) is sodiumchloride, it is preferable to blend the component (a) with the component(b) so that the concentration is equivalent to that of physiologicalsaline when supplied with injection water.

The freeze-dried composition of the present invention is preferably afreeze-dried aqueous solution containing the components (a) and (b).Here, the freeze-dried composition is one having a water content ofpreferably 3% by mass or less, in particular a water content of 2% bymass or less and further preferably 1% by mass or less.

The freeze-dried composition of the present invention can contain sugarssuch as mannitol, xylitol, and white soft sugar as long as theperformance thereof is not impaired, but preferably contain only thecomponent (a) and the component (b).

Consider the viscosity of a solution of the freeze-dried composition ofthe present invention which is supplied with injection water immediatelyafter freeze-drying so that the concentration is adjusted to 1% by mass.In a freeze-dried sodium alginate composition not added with a salt, theviscosity usually indicates a value of 500 to 900 mPa·s and preferablyindicates a value of 550 to 800 mPa·s. Ina freeze-dried sodium alginatecomposition added with a salt, the viscosity usually indicates a valueof 400 to 800 mPa·s and preferably indicates a value of 450 to 700mPa·s.

The freeze-dried composition of the present invention is preferably keptin cold storage, preferably at 2 to 8° C. Preservation in cold storagesuppresses the decomposition of the monovalent metal alginate andsuppresses viscosity decrease at the supply of water. Consider the casewhere the freeze-dried composition of the present invention is kept instorage at 2 to 8° C. for 2 years and then is supplied with injectionwater so that the concentration is adjusted to 1% by mass. The viscositydecrease rate of that solution is usually less than 40%, preferably lessthan 30%, and further preferably less than 20%. The viscosity decreaserate can be extrapolated by accelerated test results, statisticalprocessing, and the like.

The freeze-dried composition of the present invention can be used formedical purposes such as cartilage regeneration agent and cartilagedisorder therapeutic agent, and can be dissolved using a solvent such asinjection water and physiological saline to form a solution having aconcentration and a viscosity suitable for the intended use. Thesolution can be used by impregnating a support such as a sponge with thesolution. In addition, it is possible to use the solution gelated byaddition of a cross-linking agent such as a solution of calciumchloride. Also, the gel can be used after freeze-drying. In addition, itis possible to take the freeze-dried composition of the presentinvention out of the vial and use the freeze-dried composition by, forexample, crushing it and sprinkling it onto the diseased site.

The freeze-dried composition in the present invention includes afreeze-dried composition, a freeze-dried preparation, a freeze-driedbody, a freeze-dried product, and the like.

Next, a preferable method of producing a freeze-dried composition of thepresent invention is described.

In other words, it is preferable to produce by a method of freeze-dryingan aqueous solution formed by dissolving (a) a monovalent metal alginateand (b) a salt selected from a monovalent metal salt and an ammoniumsalt.

To be more specific, an aqueous solution is prepared by dissolving atleast the component (a) and the component (b) into injection water.Here, it is preferable that the concentration of the monovalent metalalginate being the component (a) be 0.2 to 3% by mass and preferablyabout 0.3 to 2% by mass. The salt being the component (b) is recommendedto be used in such an amount that the mass ratio of the component(a)/the component (b) is 100/70 to 100/10 and more preferably 100/60 to100/30 relative to the component (a) used. Although the component (a)and the component (b) can be added into water in any order, it ispreferable to add in the order of the component (a) and the component(b). Dissolution is usually performed at room temperature, but in somecases the solution may be heated or cooled. In the dissolution, any typeof stirrer may be used.

In the present invention, the viscosity (20° C.) of the aqueous solutioninto which at least the component (a) and the component (b) aredissolved is preferably 40 to 800 mPa·s. Here, as the viscosity of theaqueous solution, it is possible to use a value measured at 20° C. byuse of a two-axis cylindrical metal cup in RheoStress RS600(manufactured by Thermo Haake GmbH).

After dissolution, undissolved matter may be removed by filtration ofthe aqueous solution as necessary. Here, it is preferable to performaseptic filtration.

In the present invention, it is possible to fill any type of containerwith the aqueous solution into which at least the component (a) and thecomponent (b) are dissolved and then to freeze-dry the aqueous solution.The container filled is preferably a vial and it is particularlypreferable to fill a vial having a volume of 2 to 50 ml. It ispreferable to fill a container which easily enables tight sealing afterfreeze-drying. The filling amount is about 1 to 90% and preferably about10 to 50% of the volume of the vial.

The aqueous solution filled in any type of container is then frozen atany temperature. The freezing step is preferably performed taking asufficiently long time within a temperature range between thetemperature at which the aqueous solution is frozen and the temperatureof −200° C. so that ice crystal grows uniformly and sufficiently. Afterthat, freeze-drying is performed under reduced pressure, keeping thetemperature settings within a range which maintains the ice crystal.

It is preferable to freeze the aqueous solution formed by dissolving atleast the component (a) and the component (b) within a range from thefreezing temperature to −50° C. and to perform first drying underreduced pressure within this temperature range. Subsequently, seconddrying is performed to reduce the water content to 3% by mass or less,preferably to 2% by mass or less, further preferably to 1% by mass orless, and most preferably to a level of substantially no water content.The water content of the freeze-dried composition can be measured in ausual manner, for example by the loss on drying method, the Karl Fischermethod, and the like. If the freeze-dried composition has a moistureabsorbing property, it is necessary to bear in mind that the measurementwill not be affected by the absorption of moisture.

Here, the first drying refers to the process in which ice crystaldisappears by sublimation of water molecules from ice, and the seconddrying refers to the process in which water bound to moleculessublimates. The water content at the end of the first drying (residualamount) depends on the freeze-dried matter and the amount thereof and issaid to be about 15 to 30%.

Note that the temperature described in the freeze-drying conditions ofthe present invention means the shelf temperature of the freeze-dryer.The shelf temperature can usually be measured and monitored using atemperature sensor provided in the housing of the freeze-dryer. Inaddition, the freezing temperature described in the present inventionmeans the shelf temperature set at the temperature at which the solutionfor the freeze-dried composition starts freezing.

The drying involves sublimation and removal of water contained in icecrystal produced due to freezing under a reduced pressure. The reducedpressure conditions here depend on the set shelf temperature, and may bea pressure of 0.0 to 50 Pa and preferably a pressure of 0.0 to 5 Pa. Itis preferable to perform freeze-drying using a commercially availablefreeze-drying apparatus which enables reduced pressure drying undercooling.

In the present invention, the second drying can be performed under thesame temperature condition as the first drying or under a temperaturecondition higher than the temperature of the first drying. In the caseof a temperature condition higher than the first drying, there is a casewhere production time can be shortened. To be more specific, the seconddrying temperature is, but is not limited to, the range of −10° C. to 5°C., for example.

After the freeze-drying is finished, it is preferable to substitute theair in the vial with nitrogen gas, preferably dry nitrogen gas, and thento form a tightly sealed state using a cap. The cap is preferably madeof rubber, in particular bromobutyl rubber. Note that it is possible touse a vial made of various commercially available materials such as aglass vial. In addition, it is possible to coat the inner wall of thevial with, for example, silicone.

The present invention further provides a suppressant viscosity decreasewith the lapse of time for a freeze-dried monovalent metal alginatecomposition which includes a salt selected from a monovalent metal saltand an ammonium salt. In addition, the present invention provides amethod of suppressing viscosity decrease with the lapse of time of afreeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition which causes afreeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition to contain a saltselected from a monovalent metal salt and an ammonium salt.

In these aspects, it is preferable to use the component (b) being a saltselected from a monovalent metal salt and an ammonium salt such that themass ratio of the component (a)/the component (b) is within the range of100/70 to 100/10 and more preferably within the range of 100/60 to100/30 relative to the component (a) being a monovalent metal alginate.Thus, it is possible to suppress viscosity decrease with the lapse oftime of the freeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition.

EXAMPLES

Next, the present invention is described in further detail by showingexamples. However, the present invention is not limited to theseexamples.

Example 1

Various freeze-dried sodium alginate compositions were prepared andtheir characteristics were measured and compared by the followingmethod.

(1) Method of Preparing Aqueous Solution of Sodium Alginate

Refined sodium alginate (purchased from KIMICA Corporation: purity(quantitative value determined) 98%: viscosity (1% by mass solution, 20°C.) 525 mPa·s: M/G ratio 1.2), sodium chloride (manufactured by Merck &Co., Inc.), and water (injection water: manufactured by OtsukaPharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) were used.

Liquid agents A and B to be used described in Table 1 were prepared bystuffing a sterilized container having a volume of 1 to 2 L with refinedsodium alginate alone or refined sodium alginate and sodium chloridetogether with injection water, followed by stirring and dissolution atroom temperature.

Next, liquid agents A and B to be used were subjected to asepticfiltration using a 0.22 μm filter (manufactured by Millipore) inside aclean bench and were filled in a glass vial having a volume of 20 ml asa dry sodium alginate in an amount of 102 mg per vial.

(2) Freeze-Drying

A glass vial filled with a sodium alginate aqueous solution wasfreeze-dried in the following conditions by use of a freeze-dryingapparatus.

Freezing and drying conditions: cooling was performed to −40° C. for 270minutes and complete freezing was performed at this temperature for 600minutes of retention. After that, the temperature was cause to rise to−10° C. At this temperature, pressure was reduced so that the pressureinside the housing of the freeze-dryer was 3 Pa or less, followed byretention for about 120 hours to perform drying to make the watercontent about 2% by mass.

After the freeze-drying, the air of the vial was substituted with drynitrogen gas and then a tightly sealed state was formed using a cap. Theresultant was provided for the following test.

Table 1 shows the formulation, the drying temperature, and the like ofthe sodium alginate aqueous solution collectively.

TABLE 1 Liquid Concentration Agent Drying of Liquid No. Formulation UsedTemperature Agent Example No Additives A −10° C. Sodium Alginate 1-3 5.1g/L Example Added with 1-1 NaCl 2.25 g/L Example No Additives B 1-4Example Added with 1-2 NaCl 2.25 g/L

(3) Test Conditions

In the examples, the freeze-dried sodium alginate product was subjectedto stress by being stored in a constant temperature and humidity room of40° C. and 75% RH for 60 days in order to evaluate viscosity change withthe lapse of time of sodium alginate.

(4) Analysis Method

The change of viscosity with the lapse of time was investigated asfollows: the viscosity at 20° C. was measured for 3 minutes by use of atwo-axis cylindrical metal cup in RheoStress RS600 (manufactured byThermo Haake GmbH); and the measurement value employed was the averageduring the interval between 1 minute after the start and until 2 minutesafter the start. To be more specific, the freeze-dried sodium alginateproducts were removed as time passed. Injection water was supplied sothat the concentration of sodium alginate was 1% by mass, followed bymeasurement of viscosity.

(5) Results

FIG. 1 shows the obtained results.

Comparison of Examples 1-1 and 1-2, and Examples 1-3 and 1-4 in FIG. 1shows that the initial viscosities of the examples added with sodiumchloride (1-1 and 1-2) (storage period is 0 days) tends to be lowcompared to the examples not added with sodium chloride (1-3 and 1-4).This phenomenon is an apparent decrease caused by sodium chloride addedand is not attributed to quality degradation. Viscosity decrease withthe lapse of time is more gentle for the examples (1-1 and 1-2) comparedto the examples (1-3 and 1-4). When the storage period exceeds 30 days,the viscosities of the pairs reverse. When the storage period exceeds 60days, it can be seen that the difference in viscosity between the pairsis large. This indicates that the monovalent metal salt being sodiumchloride can suppress viscosity decrease with the lapse of time of themonovalent metal alginate being sodium alginate. The viscosity decreaserate (change rate from the initial value) at day 30 has decreased byabout 30% for the examples (1-3 and 1-4), whereas about 10% for theexamples (1-1 and 1-2). It was observed that addition of sodium chloridefurther suppressed viscosity decrease.

Simultaneously, an experiment of changing the concentration of liquidagent (10 mg/L) and changing the size of the vial (vial having a volumeof 50 ml) was carried out. However, neither of the change in theconcentration of liquid agent nor the change in the size of the vial(change in the filling amount) affected stability.

What is claimed is:
 1. A suppressant of viscosity decrease with the lapse of time for a freeze-dried monovalent metal alginate composition, comprising a salt selected from a monovalent metal salt and an ammonium salt, wherein the freeze-dried composition can be dissolved using an injection water and/or a physiological saline. 